Microexpressions were first discovered by Haggard and Isaacs. These emotions are amusement, embarrassment, anxiety, guilt, pride, relief, contentment, pleasure, and shame. Nevertheless, in the 1990s, Paul Ekman expanded his list of emotions, including a range of positive and negative emotions not all of which are encoded in facial muscles. Microexpressions express the seven universal emotions: disgust, anger, fear, sadness, happiness, contempt, and surprise. Microexpressions cannot be controlled as they happen in a fraction of a second, but it is possible to capture someone's expressions with a high speed camera and replay them at much slower speeds. Unlike regular facial expressions it is either very difficult or virtually impossible to hide microexpression reactions. Human emotions are an unconscious biopsychosocial reaction that derives from the amygdala and they typically last 0.5–4.0 seconds, although a microexpression will typically last less than 1/2 of a second. This results in the individual very briefly displaying their true emotions followed by a false emotional reaction. It is the innate result of a voluntary and an involuntary emotional response occurring simultaneously and conflicting with one another, and occurs when the amygdala responds appropriately to the stimuli that the individual experiences and the individual wishes to conceal this specific emotion. Innate result of voluntary, involuntary, and conflicting emotional responsesĪ microexpression is a facial expression that only lasts for a short moment.
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